COZBY ENTERPRISES, INC.

 What Is the Cost to America?      John A. Cozby, Sept. 2008 rev. 7.12.12
  
      There are high costs associated with failing to pursue development of advanced steam engine technology.  If fuel was unlimited and cheap, and if engine emissions did not matter then the internal combustion engine would be good enough and advanced Rankine steam engine development would not be important.  This is not the case.  Because America does not have clean, efficient, fuel diverse advanced Rankine cycle engines powering automobiles, trucks, tractors, locomotives, generators, boats, equipment, pumps, and so forth and because the cost of fuel is high and the choice of fuel is limited the cost of operation is high.  Transportation, power applications, and equipment operation are major costs to America’s economy. 

     The history begins in 1976 (America’s Bicentennial).  That was the year that Detroit and the Department of Energy should have initiated an urgent commitment to fully developing advanced Rankine cycle engines.  This endeavor should have been roughly equivalent to a major war effort.  February, 1976 (Over 36 years ago), was when Roger L. Demler of Scientific Energy Systems Corp. stepped forward and presented his paper to the Society of Automotive Engineers showing that it can be done!  The Department of Energy published this astonishing revelation in April 1977.  Rather than support advanced Rankine steam engine development the Departments of Energy and Commerce along with Detroit killed steam engine research and development.  This was possibly one of the most costly decisions ever made for America.  Advanced Rankine cycle engine development was close to a successful breakthrough when it was stopped.

      My estimate of all the total the costs of failing to develop advanced Rankine engines is about $1.5 trillion per year, plus or minus a little —  Bottom line:
Neglecting Rankine development has contributed to:
           Foreign oil dependence
           Worse air pollution
           Environmental degradation
           Infrastructure degradation
           Health issues
           Increased greenhouse gases (global warming)
           Demise of the U. S. Auto industry
           Loss of millions of jobs
           Huge foreign trade deficit
           High energy costs
           Economic distress
           Weakened national security.
My estimate of the cost to the U. S. economy alone runs in the range of $50 to $55 trillion over the past 35 to 36 years.  If an effect of global warming caused by internal combustion engines burning more fossil fuel is factored in,  the cost cannot be estimated.  This paper is an effort to show the importance of getting advanced Rankine cycle engines developed and into the market.  They can improve the way we live.  They may be the only  viable alternative.  Advanced Rankine technology can bolster America’s economy 

     More Perspective on Cost       December 22, 2010   rev. 7.12.12

1.  One thousand dollars multiplied by one thousand is one million dollars.
2.  One million dollars multiplied by one thousand is one billion dollars.
3.  One billion dollars multiplied by one thousand is one trillion dollars. 

The global money supply is about $60 trillion

America’s national debt as of June 2012 is $15.7 trillion

“Federal deficit hits all-time high of $1.42 trillion” (Montana Standard 10.18.09)
“The federal deficit this year will total $1.58 trillion” (ibid. 08.20.09) 

The United States annual GDP is about $14.6 trillion 

The annual U.S. trade deficit has approached $.7 trillion (Remember $147/ barrel oil?) 

 “Congressional Budget Office predicted the budget deficit this year would swell to nearly $1.6 trillion . . . the White House foresee a cumulative $9 trillion deficit from 2010 - 2019.” (Mt. Std. 08.26.09) 

“Fed to spend $600 billion to $900 billion into 2011.” (Mt. Std. 11.04.10)

“The federal stimulus stands at $862 billion”. (Mt. Std. 07.01.10) 

“banks, financial institutions, $700 billion bailout fund.” (Mt. Std. 01.12.10)   

“The automotive industry bailout alone is $85 billion.” (Mt. Std. 05.18.10) 

The price of oil has reached a high of $147 a barrel. 

     When  I began to say that America’s economy was losing around $1.5 trillion annually, this  enormous sum seemed extreme. Trillions of dollars is a serious reality.  The $1.5 trillion annual loss, I believe to be the result of not aggressively developing, producing, and marketing advanced Rankine cycle steam engines is conceivable.  The cumulative effect over 35 years is in the range of around $50 trillion loss to America’s economy.  This amount seems reasonable when compared with the factors mentioned above. 

      $1.5 trillion is about four billion one hundred ten million dollars per day; or one hundred seventy million dollars per hour.  These are substantial sums.  Investing in advanced Rankine steam engine development therefore seems reasonable and prudent.                                                 
             John A. Cozby